Contextualization

Science is a method of investigation that aims to obtain an organized and objective knowledge of the natural world and the phenomena that occur in it. Science differs from common sense in the way it collects, interprets, and employs evidence. Common sense is a knowledge that tends to be based on direct experiences, traditions, personal and cultural prejudices, while scientific thinking is characterized by formulating hypotheses and empirically verifying them.

In this project, we will explore the difference between scientific thinking and common sense, understand the impact of science on the contemporary world, and learn to apply scientific methods in everyday situations.

Scientific thinking does not arise out of nowhere; it is the result of centuries of cultural and social evolution, which begins in primitive societies and continues to this day. To understand the process, it is important to study the differences and similarities between different societies and civilizations.

Importance

Understanding the difference between scientific thinking and common sense is crucial to becoming a critical and conscious thinker. It is necessary to understand and evaluate the information we receive daily. A critical thinker does not accept things as they are presented, but questions, analyzes, and evaluates before accepting any information.

Furthermore, scientific thinking is the basis of many modern advancements. Therefore, understanding how it works is useful to comprehend the world around us. It can also help us make better and more informed decisions in our daily lives.

Practical Activity

Activity Title: Unveiling Myths: Science Vs Common Sense

Project Objective:

This activity aims to empower students to distinguish between scientific thinking and common sense, engaging them in deep research and a practical experience to understand and apply the scientific method.

Detailed Project Description:

The student groups (3 to 5 students per group) should choose a myth or popularly accepted belief and question it from a scientific perspective. The choice of myth or belief can be based on common sense, traditions, or superstitions.

This project will require students to research, experiment, and apply the scientific method. Through it, students are expected to investigate, analyze, synthesize, and communicate their results, applying their knowledge in Philosophy and Sciences.

Required Materials:

• Books and articles related to the chosen myth or belief.
• Computer with internet access for research.
• Specific materials for scientific experimentation (to be defined after choosing the myth or belief to be analyzed).
• Notebook for notes.
• Presentation software (PowerPoint, Prezi, Google Slides, etc.).

Step-by-Step Guide for Activity Execution:

1. Choice of Myth or Belief: The group should select a myth or belief that is accepted by society or a specific group. This myth or belief will be the object of study.

2. Research on the Myth or Belief: The team should research the chosen myth or belief. This includes understanding the origins, the foundation in common sense, and any existing scientific research on the topic.

3. Formulation of a Hypothesis: Based on the knowledge acquired in the research, students should formulate a hypothesis that questions the validity of the myth or belief under analysis.

4. Scientific Experimentation: The group should design and conduct an experiment following the scientific method to validate or refute the proposed hypothesis.

5. Analysis of Results: Students must analyze the data collected during the experimentation, comparing it with the formulated hypothesis.

6. Report Preparation: Each group should prepare a document reporting their research, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusions.

7. Presentation of Results: The group should prepare a presentation to share their results with the class.

Project Deliverables:

Students must deliver a written report and a slide presentation.

The report should follow the described format, containing:

• Introduction: Contextualization of the chosen myth or belief, its relevance, and a brief description of the research objective.

• Development: Explanation of key theoretical concepts involved, description of the research process, detailed explanation of the experiment conducted and the data collected, analysis of the results obtained, and comparison with the initial hypothesis.

• Conclusion: Reflection on what was learned, conclusions drawn about the project, and a comparison between scientific thinking and common sense.

• Bibliography: References used in the research.

The slide presentation should summarize the written report and be prepared to be presented to the class.