Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Extratextual Reference

Objectives

Duration: (10 to 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to establish a solid foundation for students to understand what extratextual reference is, its importance, and how it differs from other forms of referencing. This initial understanding is crucial for the success of subsequent activities and for the practical application of the knowledge acquired.

Main Objectives

1. Explain the concept of extratextual reference.

2. Demonstrate the applicability of extratextual reference in different contexts.

3. Differentiate extratextual reference from other types of referencing, such as situational.

Introduction

Duration: (10 to 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to establish a solid foundation for students to understand what extratextual reference is, its importance, and how it differs from other forms of referencing. This initial understanding is crucial for the success of subsequent activities and for the practical application of the knowledge acquired.

Context

Before diving into the concept of extratextual reference, it is important to understand that human communication is full of nuances and contexts that go beyond the explicit words in a text. In everyday life, we make references to events, people, and objects that are not present in our speech or writing but are understood by all parties involved in the communication. These external references to the text are what we call extratextual references and are fundamental for effective communication.

Curiosities

Did you know that we use extratextual references all the time without realizing it? For example, when mentioning a 'red-caped hero' in a conversation, many people automatically think of Superman, even if the character's name has not been mentioned. This type of reference is a clear example of how cultural context and prior knowledge influence our understanding.

Development

Duration: (40 to 50 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' knowledge about extratextual reference by demonstrating its applicability through practical examples and differentiating it from other types of referencing. This will allow students to recognize and use extratextual references in their own communication, enriching their vocabulary and cultural understanding.

Covered Topics

1. Concept of Extratextual Reference: Explain that extratextual reference is a mention of something that is outside the current text but that the reader or listener can understand through prior knowledge or cultural context. 2. Importance of Extratextual Reference: Detail how extratextual references enrich communication, allowing the inclusion of complex information and cultural contexts without the need to explain them directly in the text. 3. Practical Examples: Provide clear and varied examples of extratextual references. For instance, mentioning 'the villain of Gotham City' to refer to the Joker or 'the country of football' to talk about Brazil. 4. Differentiation from Other Types of Referencing: Explain the difference between extratextual reference and other forms, such as situational reference, which depends on the immediate context of communication, like 'here' and 'now.'

Classroom Questions

1. Identify an extratextual reference in the following excerpt: 'He was a true Don Juan, always surrounded by admirers.' Explain what makes this reference extratextual. 2. Explain the difference between an extratextual reference and a situational reference, using your own examples. 3. Give an example of an extratextual reference that you use in your daily life and explain the cultural context or prior knowledge necessary to understand it.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 to 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to consolidate the knowledge acquired by students through the resolution of the presented questions and to promote a space for discussion and reflection. This will allow students not only to validate their answers but also to understand the different perspectives and cultural contexts involved in extratextual references, enriching their understanding and communication skills.

Discussion

• 📚 Explanations of the Questions:

• 1. Identify an extratextual reference in the following excerpt: 'He was a true Don Juan, always surrounded by admirers.' Explain what makes this reference extratextual.

• **Explanation:** The expression 'a true Don Juan' refers to the famous literary character Don Juan, known for being a seducer. This is an extratextual reference because, to understand it, the reader needs prior knowledge of who Don Juan is and his characteristics.
  

• 2. Explain the difference between an extratextual reference and a situational reference, using your own examples.

• **Explanation:** The extratextual reference relies on the reader/listener's prior knowledge or cultural context, while the situational reference depends on the immediate context of communication. For example, 'the country of football' is an extratextual reference to Brazil, which requires cultural knowledge. On the other hand, 'here' and 'now' are situational references, as they depend on the specific moment and location of communication.
  

• 3. Give an example of an extratextual reference that you use in your daily life and explain the cultural context or prior knowledge necessary to understand it.

• **Explanation:** An example could be the expression 'a true Mother Teresa,' referring to someone very kind and selfless. To understand this reference, it's necessary to know who Mother Teresa of Calcutta was and her humanitarian actions.
  

Student Engagement

1. 🗣️ Questions and Reflections to Engage Students: 2. What other literary or historical characters can be used as extratextual references? 3. How can extratextual references change depending on the culture or country? 4. Can you think of extratextual references used in songs or movies that you know? 5. Why is it important to understand extratextual references in everyday communication? 6. How do you think the use of extratextual references can enrich the writing of an essay?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 to 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to recap the main points of the lesson, reinforcing students' learning and ensuring they understand the importance and applicability of extratextual references. This stage also serves to connect theory to practice, showing how the studied content can be used in real situations.

Summary

• Extratextual reference is a mention of something outside the current text, understood through prior knowledge or cultural context.
• Extratextual references enrich communication, allowing the inclusion of complex information and cultural contexts without directly explaining them.
• Practical examples of extratextual references include 'the red-caped hero' for Superman and 'the country of football' for Brazil.
• Differentiating between extratextual and situational references is essential: the former relies on prior knowledge, while the latter depends on the immediate context of communication.

The class connected theory and practice by explaining the concept of extratextual reference and providing practical examples that students can recognize and use in their daily lives. The guided activities allowed students to apply the theoretical knowledge in real situations, facilitating comprehension and retention of the content.

Understanding extratextual references is fundamental for effective communication in daily life, as we often use and interpret these references without realizing it. Knowledge about these references also enriches reading and writing, allowing for a deeper understanding of literary texts, dialogues, and cultural contexts.