Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding the changes in the world of work: The primary objective is for students to comprehend the significant changes that have occurred and continue to occur in the world of work, whether through automation, globalization, demographic changes, or other social and economic forces. The teacher should explain the main changes and how they have affected and continue to affect workers.

2. Analysis of the social implications of changes in the world of work: Students should be able to analyze and understand the social implications of changes in the world of work. This includes understanding how these changes affect inequality, social mobility, and stratification. The teacher should provide concrete examples and encourage students to think critically about these issues.

3. Developing a critical view of the world of work: Lastly, the objective is for students to develop a critical and informed view of the world of work. This involves understanding the structures and dynamics of work, recognizing present inequalities and injustices, and considering possible paths towards a fairer and more equitable society. The teacher should encourage discussions and debates, and guide students to think of solutions to the challenges of the world of work.

Secondary Objectives:

• Developing critical thinking and analytical skills: The teacher should guide students in developing critical thinking and analytical skills, which are essential for understanding and evaluating the changes in the world of work. This includes the ability to analyze information, make connections, formulate questions and arguments, and evaluate different perspectives.

• Developing research and presentation skills: Students should be able to research, organize, and present information on the topic. The teacher should guide students in conducting research, selecting reliable sources, organizing, and presenting the results of their research.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the concepts of social structure, work, and their transformations that were covered in previous classes. This can be done through a quick quiz or group discussion to ensure that all students have the same foundations.

2. Problem situation: Next, the teacher should present two problem situations to spark the students' interest:

   • The first one could be: "Imagine a car factory in the early 20th century, with production lines where most of the work was manual. Now, compare it to a modern factory, where most of the work is done by robots. What has changed in the world of work between these two scenarios and how does it affect the workers?"

   • The second situation could be: "Think of an office worker from the 80s, who spent the whole day typing on typewriters. Now, think of a current office worker, who uses computers, the internet, and advanced software. What has changed in the work of these people and how do these changes impact society?"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then explain the importance of studying the changes in the world of work, highlighting how these changes affect everyone's lives, regardless of the profession we choose. Examples can be cited on how automation is changing the nature of work in many sectors, or how globalization is creating new opportunities and challenges for workers.

4. Introduction to the topic: To introduce the topic and capture the students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities or interesting facts about the changes in the world of work. For example:

   • "Did you know that, according to the International Labour Organization, more than 60% of jobs in the world are at risk of being automated in the next 20 years?"
   • "And that, according to a survey by the World Economic Forum, the skills that will be most valued in the job market in 2025 include complex problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity, instead of specific technical skills?"

   The teacher should then establish the lesson's Objectives and move on to the next stage, which is the Development of the content.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory: Changes in the world of work (10 - 12 minutes):

   • Definition and types of changes: The teacher should start by explaining what changes in the world of work are, citing concrete examples. It should be emphasized that these changes can be caused by a variety of factors, including technology, globalization, demographic changes, and changes in work policies and practices.
   • Types of changes: Next, the teacher should present the different types of changes, such as automation and digitalization, restructuring and outsourcing, work flexibility, among others. For each type of change, the teacher should explain how it occurs, what its implications are for workers and society in general, and what possible ways to deal with it are.
   • Practical examples: To make the content more understandable and interesting, the teacher should present practical examples of each type of change. For example, for automation, the case of car factories that replaced workers with robots can be mentioned; for restructuring, the practice of downsizing (cost reduction) that many companies adopt can be mentioned; for work flexibility, temporary work and self-employment can be discussed.

2. Theory: Social implications of changes in the world of work (5 - 7 minutes):

   • Inequality and social mobility: The teacher should explain how changes in the world of work can affect inequality and social mobility. For example, automation can lead to job loss for some groups of workers, while digitalization can create new opportunities for others. Similarly, outsourcing can lead to work precariousness, while flexibility can allow some workers to have more control over their time and work.
   • Social stratification: The teacher should talk about how changes in the world of work can affect social stratification. For example, globalization can lead to the concentration of power and wealth in some regions and groups, while restructuring can create new forms of stratification, such as the division between permanent and temporary workers.
   • Practical examples: The teacher should present concrete examples of how changes in the world of work affect inequality, social mobility, and stratification. For example, studies showing how automation has affected workers in different sectors can be cited, or how outsourcing has led to reduced wages and benefits.

3. Theory: Critical view of the world of work (5 - 6 minutes):

   • Understanding the world of work: The teacher should explain the importance of understanding and having a critical view of the world of work. It should be emphasized that work is one of the main sources of identity and meaning for many people, and that changes in the world of work have profound repercussions on our lives and society.
   • Developing a critical view: The teacher should guide students to develop a critical view of the world of work. This involves recognizing present inequalities and injustices, and considering possible paths towards a fairer and more equitable society. To do this, the teacher should encourage discussions and debates, and guide students to think of solutions to the challenges of the world of work.
   • Practical examples: The teacher should present examples of how students can develop a critical view of the world of work. For example, the importance of questioning work norms and practices, advocating for workers' rights, and seeking meaningful and satisfying work can be discussed.

The teacher should ensure that the concepts are presented in a clear and understandable manner, and should encourage students to ask questions and actively participate in the lesson. Additionally, the teacher should relate the theoretical content to practice, showing how changes in the world of work affect the real lives of people.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Connection with practice: The teacher should encourage students to reflect on the changes in the world of work they have already observed in their own lives. This may include changes in their own occupations or jobs, or changes they have observed in other members of their families, communities, or countries. The teacher can ask students to share their observations and experiences with the class, and to reflect on how these changes have affected (or could affect) their lives and communities.

2. Group discussion: The teacher can divide the class into small groups and ask them to discuss the following questions:

   • "What were the most important concepts you learned today?"
   • "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   • "How can you apply what you learned today in your life or work?"

   Then, the teacher should ask each group to share their answers with the class. This will allow students to learn from each other, and the teacher to assess what the students have learned and which concepts still need to be reinforced.

3. Individual reflection: The teacher should then ask students to reflect individually on the lesson. This can be done through a brief questionnaire, where students can answer questions like:

   • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   • "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   • "What would you like to learn more about on this topic?"

   The teacher can ask students to submit their answers at the end of the lesson, or to send them by email after the lesson. This will allow the teacher to assess students' understanding of the topic, and to plan future lessons based on the interests and needs of the students.

4. Teacher feedback: Finally, the teacher should provide overall feedback on the lesson. This may include praising students' efforts, acknowledging the difficult or complex issues that were addressed, and suggesting ideas for future lessons. The teacher should also reinforce the main concepts that were learned and highlight the importance of the topic for understanding the world of work and society in general.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary: The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points discussed during the lesson. This may include a review of the changes in the world of work, the social implications of these changes, and the importance of developing a critical view of the world of work. The teacher should emphasize key concepts and main ideas, and ensure that students have a clear and solid understanding of these concepts.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications: Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. This may include a discussion on how the changes in the world of work presented in theory are reflected in practice, and how these changes affect the real lives of people. The teacher should also highlight how the concepts and skills learned in the lesson can be applied in different situations and contexts.

3. Additional Materials: The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students to deepen their understanding of the lesson's topic. These materials may include books, articles, documentaries, podcasts, websites, and other relevant sources of information. The teacher should briefly explain what each material covers and how it can complement what was learned in the lesson.

4. Relevance of the Subject to Everyday Life: Finally, the teacher should highlight the importance of the lesson's subject for students' everyday lives. This may include a discussion on how changes in the world of work affect career choices, job opportunities, working conditions, and quality of life. The teacher should also emphasize the relevance of developing a critical and informed view of the world of work, and considering possible paths towards a fairer and more equitable society.

The teacher should end the lesson in a positive and motivating way, encouraging students to continue exploring the topic and applying what they have learned in their lives. The teacher should also reiterate availability to clarify doubts and support students in their studies.