Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding Modern Man's Morality - Students should be able to define and explain the concept of Modern Man's Morality, understanding the role it plays in society and how it has evolved over time.

2. Analysis and Discussion of Philosophical Texts - Students should develop skills to analyze and discuss philosophical texts relevant to the topic. They should be able to identify the main ideas, arguments, and viewpoints presented in the texts, and apply these skills to understand Modern Man's Morality.

3. Development of Critical Thinking - Through the discussion of texts and the topic in general, students should be able to develop their critical thinking, questioning the ideas presented and forming their own opinions in a well-founded and respectful manner.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate research and autonomous study, encouraging students to seek more information on the topic beyond what was presented in the classroom.

• Promote active participation and debate in the classroom, creating an environment conducive to the exchange of ideas and the collective construction of knowledge.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Related Content - The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing the concepts of ethics, morality, and philosophy that were studied in previous classes. This review is important for students to better understand the content that will be covered in the lesson and make the necessary connections with the new topic.

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios - The teacher proposes two problem-solving scenarios to arouse students' interest and initiate the discussion on the lesson's topic:

   • Scenario 1: "Imagine you are a scientist and have discovered a way to manipulate the human genetic code to eliminate the possibility of certain hereditary diseases. However, this same technology could be used to create 'super-humans.' What would be the most moral attitude towards this discovery?"

   • Scenario 2: "In the not-so-distant future, advanced artificial intelligence allows the creation of robots that are almost indistinguishable from humans. These robots can feel emotions and have consciousness. Do they deserve the same rights and treatment as humans? How would this affect our morality?"

3. Contextualization - The teacher explains that Modern Man's Morality is a crucial theme in today's world, as we live in a society that is constantly dealing with complex ethical and moral issues, such as those presented in the problem-solving scenarios. Furthermore, understanding Modern Man's Morality allows us to better comprehend the evolution of values and moral norms throughout history.

4. Curiosities and Anecdotes - To spark students' curiosity, the teacher can share some curiosities or anecdotes related to the topic:

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that the word 'moral' comes from the Latin 'moralis,' which means 'related to customs'? This shows how the notion of morality is deeply rooted in our traditions and social practices."

   • Curiosity 2: "Have you heard of the 'Trolley Problem'? It is a famous thought experiment that questions morality. Imagine you are on a runaway trolley and, if you do nothing, it will kill five people. However, you have the option to pull a lever and divert the trolley to another track, where it will only kill one person. What would you do? Why?"

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory of Modern Morality (10 minutes)

   • The teacher introduces the theory of Modern Morality, explaining that it is based on the idea that morality is a subjective matter, varying from person to person and from culture to culture.

   • He should discuss how this theory has evolved over time, from early modern thinkers like Descartes and Locke to contemporary philosophers.

   • To illustrate the theory, the teacher can use examples of contemporary moral issues, such as abortion, euthanasia, and the death penalty, and discuss how different people and cultures have different views on these issues.

2. Contractualism and Modern Morality (10 minutes)

   • The teacher introduces the theory of contractualism, explaining that it is based on the idea that morality is a product of social agreement.

   • He should discuss how this theory relates to Modern Man's Morality, arguing that modern morality is largely based on social agreements, such as laws and codes of conduct.

   • To illustrate the theory, the teacher can use the example of the social contract, a central idea in contractualism, and discuss how it shapes modern morality.

3. Discussion of Philosophical Texts (5 minutes)

   • The teacher distributes relevant philosophical texts on the topic, which have been previously selected and prepared for the lesson.

   • He should guide students to read the texts carefully, identifying the main ideas, arguments, and viewpoints presented.

   • After reading, the teacher should initiate a classroom discussion, asking students what they understood from the texts and what their opinions are on the ideas presented.

4. Practical Activity: Applying Modern Morality in Real Situations (5 - 10 minutes)

   • The teacher proposes a practical activity to students, in which they must apply the concepts of Modern Man's Morality in real situations.

   • He can present students with some hypothetical situations, like those proposed in the Introduction, and ask students to analyze these situations in light of Modern Man's Morality.

   • Students should discuss in small groups and then present their analyses and conclusions to the class. The teacher should guide the discussion, asking questions that stimulate critical thinking and reflection among students.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (5 minutes)

   • The teacher should start this stage by summarizing the main points discussed during the lesson. This includes the definition of Modern Man's Morality, the theories of modern morality and contractualism, the analysis of philosophical texts, and the application of Modern Man's Morality in real situations.

   • He can ask questions to students, encouraging them to recap what they have learned. For example: "What is the difference between ethics and morality? How does Modern Man's Morality relate to ethics?" or "What are the main arguments of contractualism?"

2. Connection to Practice and the Real World (5 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the concepts learned in the lesson apply in practice and in the real world. For instance, he can discuss how Modern Man's Morality influences our daily decisions, laws, and social norms.

   • He can also make connections with recent news or current events, showing how Modern Man's Morality is relevant for understanding and analyzing these occurrences. For example, he can discuss how bioethical issues, such as genetic manipulation and artificial intelligence, raise moral questions that are related to Modern Man's Morality.

3. Reflection and Self-Assessment (5 minutes)

   • The teacher should ask students to reflect on what they have learned. He can ask questions like: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions remain unanswered?"

   • The teacher can also suggest that students do a self-assessment, asking: "On a scale of 1 to 5, how confident do you feel in applying the concepts learned today?" or "Which areas do you think need more study or practice?"

   • The teacher should encourage students to express their opinions and ask questions. He should be open to criticism and suggestions, reinforcing the importance of critical thinking and respectful discussion.

4. Preparation for the Next Lesson (5 minutes)

   • The teacher should inform students about the topic of the next lesson and what they should do to prepare. For example, he can ask students to read a specific philosophical text or to research more about a concept or theory discussed in the lesson.

   • He should also remind students of deadlines for assignments or tests, and of any other tasks or activities they need to complete before the next lesson.

   • The teacher should encourage students to ask questions and seek help if needed. He should emphasize that he is available to assist them, whether during class or outside of class hours.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing the definition of Modern Man's Morality, the evolution of modern morality, and the influence of contractualism.
   • He should highlight the main ideas discussed during the analysis of philosophical texts and the application of Modern Man's Morality to real situations.
   • The teacher can also recap the main conclusions from the classroom discussion, reinforcing students' viewpoints and unresolved questions.

2. Connection to Theory, Practice, and Applications (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications.
   • He can refer to the discussion of philosophical texts as a practical application of the theory of Modern Man's Morality.
   • Additionally, he can highlight how applying Modern Man's Morality to real situations allowed students to understand the relevance and applicability of these concepts in the real world.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the topic.
   • These may include books, articles, documentaries, films, or websites that address Modern Man's Morality, contractualism, or other related concepts.
   • The teacher can also suggest questions for students to think about or research, such as: "How does Modern Man's Morality relate to the idea of human rights?" or "How does Modern Man's Morality influence politics and society?"

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the relevance of the subject to students' daily lives.
   • He can discuss how understanding Modern Man's Morality can help students make ethical decisions in their personal and professional lives.
   • Moreover, he can explain how reflecting on Modern Man's Morality can make students more aware of their own beliefs and values, and more respectful of cultural differences and diversities.