Calor, Temperatura e a Dança das Partículas: Conceitos e Escalas

Section role: supports the 'Calor, Temperatura e a Dança das Partículas' section while the teacher explains the kinetic-molecular model and thermometric scales, bridging the sensory opening from Section 1 to the practical exercises in Section 3. Slides: (1) Title — 'Calor, Temperatura e a Dança das Partículas'; (2) O que é Temperatura? — bullets: definition of temperature as the degree of molecular agitation, visual example of particles vibrating fast in hot coffee versus slowly in ice cream; (3) O que é Calor? — bullets: definition of heat as thermal energy in transit, key principle that a body never 'has' heat, it transfers heat from hotter to colder; (4) Verificação Conceitual — prompt: 'Se eu coloco gelo no suco, é o frio que entra no suco ou o calor que sai dele?'; (5) Equilíbrio Térmico — bullets: definition of thermal equilibrium, when two bodies reach the same temperature and heat exchange ceases; (6) O Termômetro e as Escalas — bullets: introduction of the thermometer and comparison of the three scales (Celsius °C based on water, Kelvin K absolute scale used in science, Fahrenheit °F used in the USA); (7) Comparação Visual das Escalas — bullets: comparison points for water freezing and boiling across Celsius (0°C to 100°C), Fahrenheit (32°F to 212°F), and Kelvin (273.15K to 373.15K). Closing slide: 'Como podemos provar cientificamente para onde o calor está fluindo?' — sets up the problem-solving analysis in Section 3.