Defining the Connectors: Formalizing Relative Pronouns

Section role: supports Section 3 while the teacher formalizes the rules discovered in the previous student-led challenge and introduces specific grammatical terminology. Slides: (1) Title — 'Formalizing Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, That, Whose, Where, When'; (2) The Concept of Antecedent — bullets: definition of the antecedent, example highlighting how the pronoun links back to the noun; (3) Personal and Non-Personal Pronouns — bullets: differentiating 'who' (subject), 'whom' (object), and 'which/that' (things); (4) Possession and Circumstances — bullets: introducing 'whose' for possession, 'where' for place, and 'when' for time; (5) Defining vs. Non-Defining Clauses — bullets: comparing essential versus extra information, punctuation rules with commas; (6) The 'That' Trap — bullets: correcting the misconception that 'that' can always replace 'who' or 'which', examples in restrictive clauses; (7) Academic Context in Global Discourse — bullets: how relative pronouns elevate complexity and critical interpretation; Closing slide: 'Can you identify the antecedent in this sentence?' — handing control back to the teacher for the listening activity. This material is part of a English foreign-language class for students in Brazil learning English. Regardless of the material's language, the key terms and examples being taught must be written in English, not in the students' native language.